Craving for boba? Here you can find the best Charlotte’s bubble tea spots!
Charlotte is home to some of the best bubble tea spots. Spots where you can enjoy everything from creamy milk teas to fruity blends with chewy tapioca pearls. Whether you’re a bubble tea enthusiast or trying it for the first time, these 7 local shops are sure to offer the perfect drink to satisfy your cravings. Explore the top bubble tea destinations in in the city for a refreshing experience.
SipCha
10/10 (44 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-910-6485
Unique drinksFresh ingredientsCozy atmosphere
SipCha, nestled discreetly behind the popular Tou Les Jours bakery in Southend, presents an exciting twist on the bubble tea scene. Despite the somewhat hidden entrance, SipCha delivers a striking ambiance with friendly staff eager to guide newcomers through its expansive menu of drinks and snacks. The shop boasts a myriad of unique offerings, including the popular Dragon in a Bottle and Ube meets Taro drinks. Notable for using fresh ingredients, customers can catch glimpses of sliced fruits being prepared in the back, accentuating the authenticity of their beverages. The space is well-suited for socializing or quiet work, with ample seating and a cozy atmosphere. Seasonal options like the Watermelon Slush paired with their signature Milk Cap promise refreshing relief on hot days, though the savory notes of the milk cap can be an acquired taste. Those craving a little sweetness can find it in the form of rolled ice cream, macarons, or even items from the attached bakery. Many admire SipCha’s integration of fresh fruit in drinks, like mango pieces in teas, accentuating how carefully curated each element is. Their loyalty program offers enticing discounts on first purchases, making return visits hard to resist. The atmosphere, further enhanced by cute cups and good vibes, invites customers to explore various drinks and pastries, allowing everyone to find something delightful.
Sharetea Steele Creek
10/10 (95 reviews)
Customizable DrinksFriendly StaffVariety of Flavors
In the lively Steele Creek area, Sharetea has swiftly carved out a niche, becoming a beloved destination for bubble tea aficionados seeking both variety and quality. The classic milk tea, with its perfect balance of creaminess and sweetness, paired with fresh, chewy tapioca pearls, often emerges as a crowd favorite. Crafting a customizable experience for each guest, Sharetea allows patrons to tailor their drinks, playing with sugar levels and flavors, enhancing personal enjoyment. The inviting atmosphere is bolstered by a staff keen to offer guidance and recommendations, making the ordering process as smooth as their drinks. Sharetea’s Master Menu impresses with diverse offerings; from the delightful QQ Happy Family milk tea with boba, red bean, jelly, and pudding, to refreshing fruit teas like mango green tea boba, ensuring there’s something for every palate. Clean and charming interiors offer a relaxed space to unwind, while swift service ensures minimal wait times. The strategic location near Charlotte Outlets makes it a convenient pit stop for shoppers or locals looking for a quick refreshment. With an ambient vibe and generous seating, Sharetea transforms a simple tea run into a cozy, flavorful escape. It’s more than a drink; it’s a plan to unwind, refresh, and savor moments, one sip at a time.
HydroFriskaTea
10/10 (169 reviews)
| Directions | +1 803-228-0653
Quality ingredientsFriendly serviceDelicious drinks
HydroFriskaTea is a hidden gem, serving up some of the best bubble tea around Fort Mill. As you step into this quaint shop, the friendly staff warmly welcomes you, ready to guide newcomers and regulars through an expansive menu that features everything from taro smoothies to unique Neptune drinks with lychee jelly. The true star of the show is their boba—the pearls are expertly cooked, bursting with the right texture, while the teas boast a perfect balance of sweetness that can be customized to your liking. Using high-quality ingredients, their drinks deliver a refreshing taste, reminiscent of authentic Taiwanese flavors, promising a delightful experience with every sip. Affordably priced, one can enjoy a large milk tea with ample boba at around $6, making it an enticing option for those new to bubble tea or for longtime aficionados. Another standout feature is the personable customer service, where staff not only remember returning customers but also take the time to offer recommendations based on personal taste preferences. This family-run business is not just about serving tea; they create an inviting atmosphere that feels like home. A visit to HydroFriskaTea isn’t just about indulging in delicious drinks but is about engaging with a community that knows how to mix high-quality tea with heartfelt service.
TSAOCAA 朝茶 Tea Cafe
9.8/10 (94 reviews)
| Directions | +1 704-237-4016
Fresh ingredientsPlayful atmosphereFlavorful variety
TSAOCAA Tea Cafe, in the heart of Huntersville, offers a vibrant selection of bubble tea flavors and textures that stand out, even for those who’ve traveled afar for quality boba. Patrons are drawn to the meticulous care reflected in the fresh ingredients—real fruit, organic milk, and inventive flavor combinations like muscat grape and lychee melon slush. The tea is brewed daily, ensuring a fresh pour every time, while the signature offerings like brown sugar boba and seasonal sago delights appeal to discerning tastes. The cafe also doubles as a savory food haven with standout crispy honey garlic wings and flavorful popcorn chicken fried to order. For those seeking comfort in their sips and bites, the atmosphere delivers a clean, modern setting underscored by friendly interactions. What truly creates a buzz beyond the bubble tea are the unexpected features—kiosks for easy ordering, playful claw machines for entertainment, and a wide array of thoughtfully seasoned chicken dishes. With customizable sugar levels and a diverse drink menu accommodating varied palates, TSAOCAA masterfully balances its dual role as both a bubble tea spot and a casual diner. Whether seeking refreshment or sustenance, visitors find the experience aptly satisfying, making TSAOCAA a welcomed addition to the local tea scene.
BoCha Bubble Tea
9.8/10 (9 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-461-8002
Friendly staffCreative drinksCozy atmosphere
BoCha Bubble Tea is making waves with its vibrant blend of flavors and a deeply satisfying atmosphere. The brown sugar milk tea has become a fan staple, offering a punch of sweetness that keeps people coming back for more. Pumpkin chai adds a seasonal twist that intrigues with its subtle spice. The strawberry matcha latte stands out as a fusion creation, balancing flavors that complement one another beautifully. It’s not just the menu that’s drawing admiration. BoCha’s location is quickly becoming a cherished spot for locals, with seating that encourages conversation and quirky decor that elevates the sipping experience. The staff consistently earns praise for their genuine interactions, making the shop feel like a community hub rather than just another bubble tea spot. Exclusive offers like the rewards program enhance this sense of belonging, providing a consistent reason to stop by. While some mention the desire for more drink modifications, this doesn’t detract from the praise lavished on BoCha’s existing selections. The shop’s ability to deliver on both flavor and atmosphere speaks volumes about its place in Belmont.
Milk Cha-Cha
9.8/10 (180 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 803-327-2622
Generous portionsCreative flavorsWelcoming atmosphere
Milk Cha-Cha in Rock Hill offers a refreshing take on the bubble tea experience with its playful vibe and satisfying menu. It’s the place where flavor and fun mingle, adorned with cute boba plushies, and welcoming games make waiting a joy instead of a chore. Options abound, with imaginative picks like the Strawberry Matcha Latte or the nostalgic allure of Hong Kong milk tea. Their drinks boast robust flavors, where tea lovers revel in distinct notes, and portions are generous—a rare combo. Customization is a cornerstone, from sweetness to dairies, including oat milk, which shines as a standout option for those avoiding lactose. Staff members exude warmth and hospitality, infusing each visit with a personable touch. First-time encounters are met with great drink recommendations, ensuring patrons feel both seen and satisfied. A slight indulgence price-wise, these expertly crafted teas deliver a worthy experience, arguably unrivaled in town. Delighting both solo drink enthusiasts and partygoers alike, Milk Cha-Cha nailed the celebration game with seamless service for a boba-themed birthday event. This cozy spot—quickly becoming a Rock Hill favorite—is more than just a tea shop; it’s a community hub where patrons come to savor and socialize. Missing out on the Boba here is like skipping on a friend’s strong heartfelt hug, warm and memorable.
Milk Cha-Cha
9.6/10 (123 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-246-6483
Diverse menuPlayful decorQuick service
Milk Cha-Cha delivers a bubble tea experience that bridges playful indulgence and artisanal craft. The diverse menu stands out, offering an impressive array of teas, milk shakes, and slushes, allowing patrons to customize the sweetness and even choose from options like organic soy milk. The signature Hong Kong milk tea and Fresh Mango tea shine, praised for their rich, authentic flavors that transport you straight to a serene tea garden or a sunlit tropical isle. What makes Milk Cha-Cha truly distinct is their embrace of creativity—the decor is fun, with a claw machine adding an element of whimsy, and merchandise lining the shelves for a touch of playful nostalgia. The visually appealing packaging doubles as a testament to their attention to detail, designed to make each drink as experience-worthy on the go as it is on the palate. Employees are fast and friendly, offering a welcoming, vibrant space suitable for catching up with friends over a game of UNO, lounging with a book, or simply savoring the quiet bustle of a charming boba spot. While opinions on boba texture vary, the tea flavors consistently draw patrons back, making it a go-to destination for those offering praise to its sweet concoctions and quick, gracious service.
Central Tea House
9.6/10 (204 reviews)
| Directions | +1 704-595-7223
Brewed Thai TeaDelightful Banh MiCozy Atmosphere
Central Tea House might be among Charlotte’s best-kept secrets, offering not just bubble tea but a rich tapestry of flavors and experiences. This charming spot invites you with a blend of Vietnamese culinary offerings and a cozy atmosphere dotted with plants and board games. The extensive drink menu sees tea enthusiasts reveling in the taste of brewed teas like Thai and Taro, avoiding powdered shortcuts. Thoughtfully concocted creations such as the Sea Salt Viet Coffee are finding fans who might have otherwise believed they’d had the best before. Milk teas, fruit teas, and even Vietnamese coffee are brewed to irresistible perfection, making every sip feel like a revelation. The culinary selection doesn’t fall short either, with favorites like the lemongrass tofu banh mi and pork pastries sparking joy among customers. The spot takes pride in their delightful desserts, with mentions like matcha cheesecake and diverse flavored shave ice drawing repeat visits. Importing elements far beyond boba, their Vietnamese cuisine spans from fried tofu to the ever-popular banh mi. For those with a sweet tooth, popping bobas and honeydew slush are as tempting as the location’s renowned vanilla bean latte. Friendly staff and a welcoming, clean atmosphere seal Central Tea House’s status as a beloved local haven.
Boba Koala
9.6/10 (146 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-224-9764
Morning bobaThai TeaPlushies available
The allure of Boba Koala lies in its blend of delightful boba concoctions and an inviting atmosphere just a stone’s throw from the bustle of the city. This quaint spot stands out with its standout Thai Tea boba and delectable brown sugar milk tea, consistently executed with remarkable precision. Boba aficionados can relish the customized sweetness levels, ensuring each sip is just right. The avocado smoothies are a treat not to be missed. Early risers rejoice in knowing the doors swing open at 9am, making morning boba a delightful alternative to the usual coffee routine. Its menu diversity expands beyond drinks, offering chicken dumplings, steamed buns, and even macarons and cheesecake. The eclectic mix of boba drinks, slushies, and teas is complemented by cozy interiors and outdoor seating that provides the perfect escape. Beyond beverages, customers can purchase plushies of their koala mascot, a charming addition that makes this place feel like more than just a teahouse. Friendly faces behind the counter ensure a warm experience, even responding on Instagram with personalized messages, adding a personal touch to the visit. It’s not just the taste that wins hearts but the nostalgic, cozy vibe that keeps patrons returning.
Velvet Charlotte – Boba Tea and Rolled Ice-Cream
9.6/10 (575 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-207-0052
Unique flavorsLate hoursCreative twists
Velvet Charlotte – Boba Tea and Rolled Ice-Cream brings a refreshing twist to the dessert landscape, offering an array of inventive flavors that push the boundaries of the typical tea and ice cream spot. This venue delights with unique choices like the rose-flavored “Little Hearts” rolled ice cream, which combines rose syrup, rose petal jam, whipped cream, and rose petals, all topped with Little Hearts biscuits for an intricate layering of flavors and textures. The Butterfly Pea Flower Tea Mojito is another creative standout, sharing the spotlight with a variety of other teas and drinks rich in vibrant flavors without overwhelming sweetness. The venue operates until 10:30 PM, embracing late-night indulgence with outdoor seating that fosters a relaxed atmosphere. The commitment to customer service stands out, as the staff genuinely endeavor to provide a memorable experience. Even when faced with initial visits that raised cleanliness concerns, the consistent positive interaction and meticulously crafted desserts leave a lasting impression. Although more attention could be paid to the establishment’s appearance, the inventive lineup and the staff’s attentive approach make Velvet Charlotte a destination for adventurous palates seeking something extraordinary in both taste and presentation.
J Tea (Tega Cay)
9.6/10 (133 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 803-802-8999
Delicious Banh MiCustomizable SweetnessCozy Atmosphere
In a surprising pocket of Tega Cay, J Tea stands out with its delightful array of bubble teas and Vietnamese-inspired sandwiches. This spot offers an inviting experience for anyone who ventures inside, combining a modern setting with hints of reclaimed charm, like tables crafted from repurposed pallets. J Tea is a place where flavors meld beautifully, and they make choosing difficult. The coconut and taro milk teas are favorites, with the option to adjust sweetness levels, alongside strong Vietnamese coffee that surprises with its richness. The banh mi sandwich, particularly the J special, is lauded for its perfectly balanced ingredients and its warm, crunchy bread that is both comfort and joy. Friendly staff add to the appeal, efficiently weaving through orders with a warmth that is memorable. For those wanting something unique, the dessert offerings of New York and green tea cheesecakes add a layer of indulgence. This establishment wins hearts not just for its offerings but for its genuine appeal as a community favorite. Every sandwich, milk tea, or friendly smile is an invitation to linger a bit longer.
Milk Cha-Cha
9.4/10 (133 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-733-9442
Creative optionsFriendly staffSoft boba
Milk Cha-Cha has established itself as a vibrant addition to the bubble tea scene, offering an assorted menu that caters to both the adventurous and the traditionalist. Founded by two boba enthusiasts, the store is committed to using fresh ingredients and providing a variety of milk and dairy-free options. Patrons have a cornucopia of flavors to explore, from the hot ube latte to the revitalizing Fresh Strawberry Tea. Cheese foam has emerged as a crowd favorite, complementing the likes of blended taro and Thai iced tea. The boba here is distinct, often praised for its soft, chewy texture—a true mark of quality. Despite an occasional lack of consistency with certain milk teas, standout items like the taro slush remain delightful mainstays. Taro lattes and matcha slushies also make regular lists of must-tries. Bright and refreshing fruit teas further broaden the palette, with inventive choices such as peach green tea paired with popping strawberry boba. While the location itself may be small with limited seating, the staff’s friendliness often enhances the overall experience. A dynamic social media presence coupled with the founders’ passion makes Milk Cha-Cha more than just another bubble tea shop; it’s an exploratory journey for the taste buds.
Kung Fu Tea
9.4/10 (30 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-237-4559
Expansive menuFast serviceUnique promotions
Kung Fu Tea brings a punch of flavor and delight to the bubble tea scene with its expansive menu that caters to both newbies and seasoned boba enthusiasts. The black milk tea is a must-try, a fan favorite that consistently delivers in taste. With frequent promotional events that engage the community, there’s an element of excitement beyond just the drinks. They effortlessly cater to the tastes of every visitor, guiding those uncertain about their options with attentive service that doesn’t skimp on speed—serving up drinks in what feels like record time. The environment strikes a balance with a clean and cozy space, though the vibe is a mix of warm welcomes and brisk exchanges depending on the day. Technological convenience enhances the experience further with a user-friendly app that not only streamlines ordering but also rewards loyal patrons with perks. While price points are seen as fair to some and luxurious to others, the value in both variety and experience is lauded widely. Newer customers are drawn back with a thirst for more of their imaginative seasonal creations like the Spirit of Halloween delight, alongside staple favorites such as Oreo Wow and Peach Premier Green Tea. Kung Fu Tea remains a compelling destination for those seeking a vibrant twist on classic tea-time.
Moji Teahouse
9.2/10 (224 reviews)
| Directions | +1 704-817-9052
Endless CustomizationUnique FlavorsSignature Decor
Stepping inside Moji Teahouse feels like entering a fresh vibe full of charm and energy. From delightful teas to irresistible mochi donuts, the menu delivers an extensive range of options. Their drinks boast customizable sweetness and ice levels, which let beverage aficionados tailor their experience. Signature milk teas often steal the spotlight, but it’s the fusion of flavors in boba specialties that keeps patrons coming back. Practical service and efficient wait times add to the seamless experience at this hangout. Mochi donuts are a must-try, their chewy texture and playful weekly flavors adding a joyful twist to each visit. While some flavors might surprise, rotating options keep visits exciting. The chic décor combines Instagram-ready aesthetics with a relaxed atmosphere. A swing bench even adds a dash of playful nostalgia. Exceptional service doesn’t just stop at the counter—the atmosphere is inviting, and the space functions as a social hub for visitors. There’s a mild buzz about limited seating, yet the charm lures patrons to linger. Anticipate everything from exquisite teas to vibrant desserts as holiday specials and evolving menus keep the options as lively as the ambiance. Moji Teahouse shapes up as more than a boba stop—it’s a thriving locale that blends flavor adventure with a homey feel, catering perfectly to those who savor a cool retreat from the hustle.
Milk Cha-Cha
9.2/10 (375 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-298-6226
Diverse optionsFast serviceCute cups
Milk Cha-Cha is a fresh hotspot in Charlotte’s bubble tea landscape. The shop pulls you in with its sleek decorative style and chic atmosphere, a perfect backdrop for those Instagram-worthy drink snaps. Fast service means you won’t have to wait long, even with the extensive drink menu that caters to all tastes—from the adventurous to those who prefer traditional flavors. Choices include bespoke sugar levels and intriguing add-ons like Oreos, which some swear by in lieu of chocolate. Milk Cha-Cha’s drinks, whether it’s ube swirls or mango milk, emphasize freshness and distinctive taste, qualities not ubiquitous in standard boba chains. An array of dessert-like options, including the popular fruit teas and milk teas, are delivered in cute, reusable cups, a testament to both style and sustainability. Patrons highlight a staff that’s generally friendly and patient, though smiles are not guaranteed from everyone. Yet, for those willing to overlook occasional service glitches, the flavor profile of Milk Cha-Cha drinks is worth the visit. The reasonable pricing and trendy setting offer a compelling invitation for both first-timers and seasoned bubble tea aficionados. Whether you’re craving sweet, subtle, or exotic, this spot offers a distinctive take on the bubble tea experience.
Kung Fu Tea
9.2/10 (237 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-938-0850
Vast menuEnergetic vibeThoughtful service
In the world of bubble tea, Kung Fu Tea stands out for its welcoming atmosphere and expansive menu that lures both newcomers and returning patrons. Visiting means navigating an array of innovative flavors from Oreo Wow to Matcha Milk Cap, each offering a distinct twist on the classic boba experience. While sipping on a refreshing winter melon tea or indulging in a creamy cocoa cream wow, patrons often find the real attraction to be the lively vibe inside. Kung Fu Tea doesn’t just sell drinks; it creates experiences. Its decor, a point of admiration, matches the upbeat and accessible environment. This spot has gained a loyal following that appreciates both its diverse options and the conscientious service, which often includes thoughtful tips on sweetness levels or pairing suggestions. While not every item may hit the mark for everyone, particularly those with specific dietary preferences, the staff’s courtesy and the quick service typically make up for it. The shop is a dependable place to gather, whether to enjoy a favorite refreshing milk tea or explore a new slushy creation, especially when combined with frequent promotions that make splurging feel more like a savvy choice than indulgence.
Cocobean Coffee and Boba Tea
9.2/10 (47 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-207-0462
Bold flavorsEclectic menuWelcoming vibe
In a world brimming with ever-expanding coffee chains, Cocobean Coffee and Boba Tea stands out, offering a spot that’s as much about the experience as it is about the drinks. At Cocobean, a laid-back atmosphere greets you first, highlighted by an interior set with orchids and a vibrant flower wall, bringing a breath of fresh air to the bustling Northlake area. This small but welcoming gem prides itself on variety, presenting an eclectic mix of classic and inventive beverages. The menu shines with both brewed delights and whimsical boba flavors that cater to both adventurous palates and traditional tastes. Drinks like the tangy mega mango green tea refresher or the signature Ube latte provide a playful take on modern boba creations. The Vietnamese coffee packs a caffeinated punch that rivals even the most established giants in the industry. Cocobean’s attentive service harmonizes with its swift output, delivering a seamless customer experience. While the prices can occasionally border on indulgent, especially for coffee connoisseurs accustomed to larger franchises, the sheer creativity and flavor profiles often justify the splurge. In a compact package with room for both intimate hangs and lively meet-ups, Cocobean is crafting an identity that’s uniquely its own in a competitive landscape.
Ding Tea Charlotte
9/10 (120 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-226-5786
Monster Boba LatteCustomizable DrinksSpacious Interior
Ding Tea Charlotte emerges as a vibrant haven for bubble tea enthusiasts, combining a lively atmosphere with an innovative drink selection. This dynamic spot invites regular indulgence in its unique beverages, with the Monster Boba Latte and Jasmine Milk Tea consistently earning high praise. The spacious interior impresses with a design that balances openness and brightness, making it an ideal choice for both quick visits and leisurely sips. The ordering system offers customization, catering to various preferences in ice and sweetness levels. While boba may not always accompany the drinks by default, it stands out when available, adding a playful texture many appreciate. Occasionally, the strong scent of cleaning solutions can be overwhelming, but the cleanliness is indisputable and the space remains consistently well-maintained. Enthusiastic regulars appreciate the wide array of tea combinations, from the refreshing lychee with aloe vera to the sweet allure of brown sugar milk tea. However, service experiences can vary, sometimes lacking the warm engagement one might wish for in a bustling café known for its social spirit. It’s this fusion of flavor exploration, fluid ambiance, and mixed service interactions that make Ding Tea Charlotte a noteworthy stop in the Matthews area.
Tea Fusion Cafe
9/10 (941 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 980-585-1448
Creative RefreshersVibrant AtmosphereRefreshing Shaved Ice
Tea Fusion Cafe offers an eclectic array of beverages and snacks that cater to diverse tastes, capturing attention with its dynamic music and ample seating. Known for its vibrancy and hustle, the cafe makes a concerted effort to satisfy patrons even during busy hours. Its menu shines particularly with the innovative Mason Jar refreshers, which deliver a refreshing punch amid sweltering days at a reasonable price. The banh mi sandwiches are consistently praised, notable for their generous vegetable portions that accentuate every bite, setting them apart in the Charlotte dining scene. The cafe accommodates non-boba fans with alternative options like lattes and uniquely crafted slushees. Moreover, the offerings of shaved ice—a rare find in town—provide a delightful surprise, drizzled with condensed milk and topped with varied treats like mochi or pearls. Atmosphere-wise, Tea Fusion leans into a calm, inviting vibe, making it an appealing hangout spot. While the service experience is occasionally inconsistent with delayed wait times or pricing concerns, engagement with the menu often outweighs these grievances. Robust in options and lively in feel, Tea Fusion Cafe continues to serve as a beacon for those seeking comforting Asian flavors and experiences in Charlotte.
Kung Fu Tea
9/10 (445 reviews)
Website | Directions | +1 704-544-1002
Flavorful varietyQuick serviceCustom options
Beneath an unassuming storefront, Kung Fu Tea crafts a dynamic bubble tea experience that draws a devoted crowd. Signature offerings boast a balance of exotic and traditional flavors, with taro slush and Thai milk tea often stealing the spotlight— though some find the latter’s earthy twist a bit surprising. Efficiency defines their service style; orders are typically ready on arrival, thanks to a well-oiled app and the option to modify sweetness, ice, and milk levels. Tea enthusiasts embrace their range, spanning honey oolong to lychee punch, with “surprise me” orders adding an element of playful spontaneity. Quality, however, occasionally falters; textures vary, from perfectly al dente bubbles to moments needing adjustment. While seating remains sparse, the rapid service and adept staff compensate, especially when mistakes occur outside their control. Safety protocols provide peace of mind, balancing health consciousness with tea indulgence. Prices align with regional coffee chains, placing Kung Fu on par with familiar city spots. Though imperfections exist, customers are often charmed by the atmosphere and quick to forgive, eagerly returning for their fix. Kung Fu Tea transforms a simple drink into a cultural moment, consistently blending time-honored tradition with the needs of a bustling, contemporary audience.